Operators

Operators combine values, compare values, and build conditions.

Assignment vs equality

Use = to store a value. Use == to compare two values. Scripts do not use ===.

target = 10
if value == target:
  print("match")

= changes a variable. == asks a question and returns True or False.

Comparisons

a == b  # equal
a != b  # not equal
a < b   # less than
a <= b  # less than or equal
a > b   # greater than
a >= b  # greater than or equal

Boolean logic

Use and, or, and not to combine conditions:

if powered and battery > 100:
  print("ready")

if not blocked:
  print("clear")

Math and division

a + b   # add
a - b   # subtract
a * b   # multiply
a / b   # divide
a // b  # floor division
a % b   # remainder, also called modulo
a ** b  # power

Use / when you want normal division. Use // when you want the whole-number quotient. Use % when you want the remainder after division.

Modulo is useful for repeating patterns and even/odd checks:

value % 2 == 0 # even
value % 2 == 1 # odd

Membership and None

Use in to check whether a value is inside a list, tuple, set, string, or dict keys. Use is None for the special empty value.

if target in scanned:
  print("known")

if result is None:
  print("nothing found")

See also

• Numbers: how the numeric type family works
• Language Reference: bitwise and set operators